Book review: Blake Gopnik exposes Albert Barnes

In The Maverick's Museum: Albert Barnes and His American Dream, art critic Blake Gopnik tells us, in his well-documented tome, all about Philadelphia's modern art collector and philanthropist (1872-1951) who established the Barnes Foundation, who grew up in an impoverished childhood, leaving him keenly aware, sensitive to and devoted to those less well-off than he became.

From the lower socio-economic classes like he had known, he hired many who worked for him for years. He appointed them to various positions on his board, providing mortgages, higher education, medical bills, scholarships.

Years ahead of race-consciousness and sensitivity to people of different color, Barnes was a keen and sincere (for the most part) practitioner of equal opportunity.

His goal was to have art enthusiasts look at art the way that he did and improve society (?).  No free thinking allowed, s'il vous plait!

It was not to be, but for some, it endured...for a while.

That Barnes carried a chip on his shoulder seems obvious, and a possible inferiority complex, too, like his one-time friend, philosopher Bertrand Russell, claimed. 

When Russell was “down and out,” Barnes hired him to teach at his foundation, but later grew disgruntled after Barnes deemed Russell’s wife too haughty. By lawyering, Barnes found a way to sue Russell for breach of contract, but Russell countersued and won more than Barnes owed him.

It was an outstanding example of the typical adverse relationship Barnes seemed to enjoy, many fights he had with notables and others he encountered, who he thought denigrated him in some way (the Philadelphia Museum of Art was one institution), insulting them with horrible words (a la Trump but with a much broader vocabulary).

Barnes made his money early in life by the invention of the drug, Argyrol, he developed with a German scientist, Hermann Hille, which was used to treat infant eye infections. 

For a while, he searched for ways to spend his accumulating wealth and voila! With the help of schoolmate and artist, William Glackens, Barnes found it in art.

His collection grew to include more Renoirs than found anywhere else in the world (181; Barnes particularly enjoyed the artist's female flesh works), 69 Cezannes (more than found in France), 59 Matisses, plus works by Manet, Degas, Seurat, Prendergast, Titian, Picasso and Van Gogh.  (Alas, Barnes turned down Van Gogh's Starry Night, now hanging at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.)

There was a Mrs. Barnes, but she occupies a small portion of the book, notably towards the end, a horticulturalist who received awards for her interest. Her general absence from the book leaves the impression that she was merely another piece of art hanging on the wall, but one of less value.

The couple had no children.

The book is slow to begin but picks up speed after a few pages and is an excellent read for art lovers, for Philly residents, for visitors to the Barnes, and others who follow eccentric personalities which I guess most of us are. 

You can't visit the Barnes Collection the same way again, and I can’t wait to get back, equipped with this background.  

Note: For the second edition, may I suggest an inversion of the title: The Museum's Maverick.

patricialesli@gmail.com

Celebrate! Ukraine's Independence Day!

They unfurled the Ukrainian flag on Ukraine's Independence Day in Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025/By Patricia Leslie

Ukraine's Independence Day celebration, Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025/By Patricia Leslie

Ukraine's Independence Day celebration, Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025, across the fences from the White House/By Patricia Leslie

The moderator in red and white with a speaker at Ukraine's Independence Day celebration, Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025. Another speaker urged those present to contact congressional representatives often to let them know of support for Ukraine. One speaker said a congressman from Michigan (?; unsure) changed his support for Ukraine because he had received 800 phone calls opposing support so if the 40,000 Ukrainians in Michigan called their congressman urging him to change his mind, maybe he would/By Patricia Leslie

This injured Ukrainian soldier, blind and a double amputee who was helped to the podium, spoke at Ukraine's Independence Day celebration, Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025/By Patricia Leslie

Some injured Ukrainian troops are treated at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, MD. These Ukrainian troops attended Ukraine's Independence Day celebration at Lafayette Park in Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025. The cardboard sign reads: "Please Send Patriot Missiles."/By Patricia Leslie

Ukraine's Independence Day celebration, Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025/By Patricia Leslie

At Ukraine's Independence Day celebration, this woman draped in a Ukrainian flag, like many, said she was born in Lithuania. She addressed the crowd at Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025 /By Patricia Leslie

Entertainers at Ukraine's Independence Day celebration, Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025. See the police behind them in front of the White House, but no National Guard members were observed/By Patricia Leslie

This speaker said he was 85 years old and a U.S. Army veteran who supports Ukraine's independence and U.S. support for the nation. At the Ukraine Independence Day celebration, Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025/By Patricia Leslie

A speaker at Ukraine's Independence Day celebration, Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025, with the moderator in red and white/By Patricia Leslie

Ukraine's Independence Day celebration, Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025/By Patricia Leslie

U.S. veterans who support Ukraine at Ukraine's Independence Day celebration, Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025/By Patricia Leslie

At Ukraine's Independence Day celebration, Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025, this man later spoke. The rally was set to continue with a 30 minute walk to the statue of Ukrainian hero and poet, Taras Shevchenko (1814-1861) on 22nd St., NW, followed by a concert/By Patricia Leslie

Meanwhile, over on nearby 17th Street, N.W. at Farragut Square, another rally was underway to honor Muhammad's grandson (?). This group made their way to Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025 to compete with Ukraine's speakers/By Patricia Leslie
At Farragut Square, Washington, D.C., August 24, 2025/By Patricia Leslie

patricialesli@gmail.com
 

Book review: Mary was a 'Captive Queen'

Jade Scott, is a specialist on Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-1587), and the secretary of the Scottish History Society and an associate fellow of the Royal Historical Society. Dr. Scott's dissertation increased her interest in Mary, imprisoned for almost half her life (19 years) by her first cousin once removed, Queen Elizabeth I of England (1533-1603).

These cousins never met. 

Although she signed the papers for Mary's execution, Elizabeth was supposedly unaware the death sentence would be carried out and became angry with her ministers when she learned of it. The irony, of course, is that Mary's son, James (1566-1625) became King of England after Elizabeth died and had his mother's body exhumed from Peterborough Cathedral and re-interred in 1612 near Elizabeth in Westminster Abbey.

James was less than one year old the last time he saw his mother and 13 months old when he was crowned King of Scotland. Mary wrote to her son often.

According to an interview with Dr. Scott, Mary wrote and received thousands of letters. Dr. Scott's book, 

Captive Queen The Decrypted History of Mary, Queen of Scots sheds light on 57 newly encrypted letters which describe Mary's many attempts to escape but never presents proof that she intended to participate in the murder of the Queen, a plot which was Mary's downfall.

Some of the letters were exchanged with the Spanish and French ambassadors. If you are familiar with the Babington Plot, Dr. Scott's book has more for you to read.

The most interesting chapter was Mary's everyday life in prison, luxurious by commoners' standards, with meals served on silver plate and in crystal glassware, prepared by her French chef who offered her a choice of 32 different dishes, wine and beer (up to 20 gallons daily for herself and her servants).

The English are different from you and me; and so are the Scots! Did you know they had their own language? Nor did I, but the author mentioned that a few times. 

So many names! Jumping hither and yon, it’s hard to keep track of all the characters, even with the dramatis personae at the beginning and how is that arranged, please?

Alphabetically, non.

Chronologically, non.

Type of person? Conspirators, courtiers, women, to name a few differentiated "types," but even within those segments, their arrangement is ...? I never could figure it out.

The end of the book has an excellent, extensive chronology of Mary’s life.

Captive Queen is not so much a great book for the lay, but it is more appealing to academicians and her "deep scholars." Still (being of the "lay" persuasion), I can’t seem to get her out of my mind.

For more on Mary and photos of her life, go here.

Former burial place of Mary, Queen of Scots, Peterborough Cathedral/Wikipedia and Derek Voller

patricialesli@gmail.com

Still another book on Tsar Nicholas II, but this one ...

Tsuyoshi Hasegawa professor emeritus in history at the University of California at Santa Barbara has written many books on Russian history, his latest, The Last Tsar: The Abdication of Nicholas II and the Fall of the Romanovs, an academic book for scholars and Romanov addicts, always interested in Russian history (like me).

As the revolution ignited, a practically hour-by-hour, minute-by-minute detail of the last days of Tsar Nicholas II's reign before, during, and after his abdication unfolds.

The breathless accounting of the anxious hours and moments in 1917 of the tsar’s train ride from the headquarters of the Russian Imperial Army at Mogilev to St. Petersburg, hundreds of miles away and where the tsar's family awaited him, is as tense as any Stephen King fiction.

However, being surrounded by “yes” men as he was, Nicholas was not privy to lurking dangers as the imperial train inched toward Tsarskoye Selo, knowledge which also escaped some of his commanders. The train was forced to detour around the revolutionaries and disloyal troops, growing in number by the hour.

Because of blockades, the train's route added more than 200 kilometers (approximately 125 miles) and ran on five different lines rather than one.

The Imperial Train seen through trees during the years of occupation/from "The fate of Nicholas II’s Imperial Train" by Paul  Gilbert  

Well documented, of course, The Last Tsar has a through description of Russia's entry in World War I, its military campaign, how ill prepared the country was: short on ammunition, officer training, and leadership, believing the war would not last long. (I must admit I skimmed most of this section, being not of the military strategist persuasion.)

Dr. Hasegawa quotes extensively from  Nicholas's diaries which affirm the tsar's detachment and uninterest in matters of the day, acting as though immune to outside forces, if he knew what they were.

For a laywoman like me, all the names were difficult to differentiate and became rather "weedy."

An excellent genealogy of the Romanovs spreads over two pages, but nowhere is it listed at the front, in the back, in the index that I could find, but it is possible that I overlooked its listing to which I constantly made reference. It includes the many family members killed by the Bolsheviks.

Nor could I find anywhere in the book, listings for the helpful maps (p. 202 and 230)showing the train's route to St. Petersburg and the detours.

The goal was not to overthrow the monarchy but the tsar; both were achieved. The book ends before the Romanovs were transferred to Siberia in 1917.


Although I chuckled and welcomed the reference Dr. Hasegawa made comparing Trump's MAGA cult to Rasputin's, Jim Jones's, and Charles Manson's cults (p. 33), all the reviewers I found who mentioned this reference thought it cheapened and damaged the book's credibility. 

Go here and here to see the first two of the Romanovs' burial sites. They were last buried in 1998 in the Cathedral of Peter and Paul in St. Petersburg.

patricialesli@gmail.com